Could you explain how to read relative URLS/ go over the example of the tree?

It says "../otters/barry.html starts from the stones.html file", it also could start from beatles.html? 

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Can you go more in depth on the ".."? I thought the diagram (in the reading) was helpful but want to know if you could explain a little more on the sibling/parent dynamic so I can be sure I'm understanding this correctly.

Relationship Rules: especially, could you please draw a directory tree structure to show about URLs like ../../africa/botswana.html? Which folder is each "".."" referring to? Thank you!

Still very confused about why rel: F2/B doesn't work when A gets moved into a new folder called old. 
none at the moment!

Any difference between http and https? When a path or domain name is changed can that affect a relative URL or would it try and search for the filename regardless? Can we access webpages by using relative URLS? Some websites never show the whole domain, path name when you click on the name , they would display just ""xyz.com"" in the URL tab on a search engine, how does that work, is it an absolute or relative URL in this case?


A lot of URLs seem to be strings of random characters and numbers that aren't as clearly labelled as our examples. Why is this?


I'm still confused about the different, and would like to see more examples.


N/A -- the GPS example at the end helped things make sense really well!