What is the difference between label and name?

I didn't understand under what circumstances Structural Version of Labels won't work and we will need to use the ID Version?

Would it be possible to store users' statement into variables and then perform if/else statements on them? For example, if the user inputs something, it could show them a different part of the page?

Can you explain the <style></style> inclusion in the last example of the Coffeerun form?

I was wondering if there is a way to have a back up for some types (such as time and range) that were introduced in HTML5 so that if they are not be supported by some browsers, a different version (like type=text) is supported? For example, I remember in the readings before, not all browsers supported transparency for the colors so we were supposed to include another color as a backup in CSS, is there something similar for the unsupported types in HTML?

Is there a way to restrict input by custom parameters? (ex: make it impossible to type in special characters or uppercase/lowercase letters or a different language, etc) I know we can just test the string afterwards and make the user retry if the input is invalid, but is it possible to get the same effect as the number input (just not adding the symbol to the input box in the first place if it's invalid) for custom rules?

Could you elaborate a bit more on the MENU element? I am a bit confused about how it differs from elements like select or radio buttons when presenting options

Currently no, thanks!