When would raw CSS and JavaScript be preferable over bootstrap? What are examples of responsive websites that aren't made with Bootstrap? when would you use a modal? I feel like we don't really see popups in websites anymore "could you go over how $('[name=name]').val(), $('[name=size]').val(), $('[name=crop]').val()); works in the Bootstrap 4 Modal section? I'm a bit confused about what the elements are in here and why we are using the val() method" " function flashText() { const oElem = document.getElementById(""my_box""); oElem.className = oElem.className === ""go"" ? ""stop"" : ""go""; } I was a bit confused by this function used by MDN in explaining setInterval(), especially the last line. It is a function used in the callback function of setInterval(), but it might be too specific to get into in class." I thought this reading was pretty straightforward and clear! / I am all set! :)