This chapter describes OCamldoc, a tool that generates documentation from
special comments embedded in source files. The comments used by OCamldoc
are of the form (**...*) and follow the format described
in section 15.2.
OCamldoc can produce documentation in various formats: HTML, LATEX,
TeXinfo, Unix man pages, and dot dependency graphs. Moreover,
users can add their own custom generators, as explained in
section 15.3.
In this chapter, we use the word element to refer to any of the
following parts of an OCaml source file: a type declaration, a value,
a module, an exception, a module type, a type constructor, a record
field, a class, a class type, a class method, a class value or a class
inheritance clause.
OCamldoc is invoked via the command ocamldoc, as follows:
ocamldoc options sourcefiles
Options for choosing the output format |
|
The following options determine the format for the generated
documentation.
-
-html
-
Generate documentation in HTML default format. The generated HTML pages
are stored in the current directory, or in the directory specified
with the -d option. You can customize the style of the
generated pages by editing the generated style.css file, or by providing
your own style sheet using option -css-style.
- -latex
-
Generate documentation in LATEX default format. The generated
LATEX document is saved in file ocamldoc.out, or in the file
specified with the -o option. The document uses the style file
ocamldoc.sty included in the OCamldoc distribution. You can change
this file to customize the style of your LATEX documentation.
- -texi
-
Generate documentation in TeXinfo default format. The generated
LATEX document is saved in file ocamldoc.out, or in the file
specified with the -o option.
- -man
-
Generate documentation as a set of Unix man pages. The generated pages
are stored in the current directory, or in the directory specified
with the -d option.
- -dot
-
Generate a dependency graph for the toplevel modules, in a format suitable
for displaying and processing by dot. The dot tool is available from
http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/graphviz/.
The textual representation of the graph is written to the file
ocamldoc.out, or to the file specified with the -o option.
Use dot ocamldoc.out to display it.
- -g file.cm[o,a]
-
Dynamically load the given file, which defines a custom documentation
generator. See section 15.4.1. This
option is supported by the ocamldoc command, but not by its
native-code version ocamldoc.opt.
- -d dir
-
Generate files in directory dir, rather than in the current directory.
- -dump file
-
Dump collected information into file. This information can be
read with the -load option in a subsequent invocation of ocamldoc.
- -hide modules
-
Hide the given complete module names in the generated documentation
modules is a list of complete module names are separated
by ',', without blanks. For instance: Pervasives,M2.M3.
- -inv-merge-ml-mli
-
Inverse implementations and interfaces when merging. All elements
in implementation files are kept, and the -m option
indicates which parts of the comments in interface files are merged
with the comments in implementation files.
- -keep-code
-
Always keep the source code for values, methods and instance variables,
when available.
The source code is always kept when a .ml
file is given, but is by default discarded when a .mli is given.
This option allows to always keep the source code.
- -load file
-
Load information from file, which has been produced by
ocamldoc -dump. Several -load options can be given.
- -m flags
-
Specify merge options between interfaces and implementations.
(see section 15.1.2 for details).
flags can be one or several of the following characters:
-
d
- merge description
- a
- merge @author
- v
- merge @version
- l
- merge @see
- s
- merge @since
- o
- merge @deprecated
- p
- merge @param
- e
- merge @raise
- r
- merge @return
- A
- merge everything
- -no-custom-tags
-
Do not allow custom @-tags (see section 15.2.5).
- -no-stop
-
Keep elements placed after the (**/**) special comment
(see section 15.2).
- -o file
-
Output the generated documentation to file instead of ocamldoc.out.
This option is meaningful only in conjunction with the
-latex, -texi, or -dot options.
- -pp command
-
Pipe sources through preprocessor command.
- -sort
-
Sort the list of top-level modules before generating the documentation.
- -stars
-
Remove blank characters until the first asterisk ('*') in each
line of comments.
- -t title
-
Use title as the title for the generated documentation.
- -v
-
Verbose mode. Display progress information.
- -warn-error
-
Treat warnings as errors.
OCamldoc calls the Objective Caml type-checker to obtain type
informations. The following options impact the type-checking phase.
They have the same meaning as for the ocamlc and ocamlopt commands.
- -I directory
-
Add directory to the list of directories search for compiled
interface files (.cmi files).
- -nolabels
-
Ignore non-optional labels in types.
- -rectypes
-
Allow arbitrary recursive types. (See the -rectypes option to ocamlc.)
Options for generating HTML pages |
|
The following options apply in conjunction with the -html option:
-
-all-params
-
Display the complete list of parameters for functions and methods.
- -css-style filename
-
Use filename as the Cascading Style Sheet file.
- -colorize-code
-
Colorize the OCaml code enclosed in [ ] and \{[ ]\}, using colors
to emphasize keywords, etc. If the code fragments are not
syntactically correct, no color is added.
- -index-only
-
Generate only index files.
Options for generating LATEX files |
|
The following options apply in conjunction with the -latex option:
-
-latex-value-prefix prefix
-
Give a prefix to use for the labels of the values in the generated LATEX document.
The default prefix is the empty string. You can also use the options
-latex-type-prefix, -latex-exception-prefix, -latex-module-prefix,
-latex-module-type-prefix, -latex-class-prefix, -latex-class-type-prefix,
-latex-attribute-prefix and -latex-method-prefix.
These options are useful when you have, for example, a type and a value with
the same name. If you do not specify prefixes, LATEX will complain about
multiply defined labels.
- -latextitle n,style
-
Associate style number n to the given LATEX sectioning command
style, e.g. section or subsection. (LATEX only.) This is
useful when including the generated document in another LATEX document,
at a given sectioning level. The default association is 1 for section,
2 for subsection, 3 for subsubsection, 4 for paragraph and 5 for
subparagraph.
- -noheader
-
Suppress header in generated documentation.
- -notoc
-
Do not generate a table of contents (LATEX only).
- -notrailer
-
Suppress trailer in generated documentation.
- -sepfiles
-
Generate one .tex file per toplevel module, instead of the global
ocamldoc.out file.
Options for generating TeXinfo files |
|
The following options apply in conjunction with the -texi option:
-
-esc8
-
Escape accented characters in Info files.
- -noindex
-
Do not build index for Info files.
Options for generating dot graphs |
|
The following options apply in conjunction with the -dot option:
-
-dot-colors colors
-
Specify the colors to use in the generated dot code.
When generating module dependencies, ocamldoc uses different colors
for modules, depending on the directories in which they reside.
When generating types dependencies, ocamldoc uses different colors
for types, depending on the modules in which they are defined.
colors is a list of color names separated by ',', as
in Red,Blue,Green. The available colors are the ones supported by
the dot tool.
- -dot-include-all
-
Include all modules in the dot output, not only modules given
on the command line or loaded with the -load option.
- -dot-reduce
-
Perform a transitive reduction of the dependency graph before
outputting the dot code. This can be useful if there are
a lot of transitive dependencies that clutter the graph.
- -dot-types
-
Output dot code describing the type dependency graph instead of
the module dependency graph.
Options for generating man files |
|
The following options apply in conjunction with the -man option:
-
-man-mini
-
Generate man pages only for modules, module types, clases and class
types, instead of pages for all elements.
- -man-suffix
-
Set the suffix used for generated man filenames. Default is 'o',
like in List.o.
15.1.2 |
Merging of module information |
|
Information on a module can be extracted either from the .mli or .ml
file, or both, depending on the files given on the command line.
When both .mli and .ml files are given for the same module,
information extracted from these files is merged according to the
following rules:
-
Only elements (values, types, classes, ...) declared in the .mli
file are kept. In other terms, definitions from the .ml file that are
not exported in the .mli file are not documented.
- Descriptions of elements and descriptions in @-tags are handled
as follows. If a description for the same element or in the same
@-tag of the same element is present in both files, then the
description of the .ml file is concatenated to the one in the .mli file,
if the corresponding -m flag is given on the command line.
If a description is present in the .ml file and not in the
.mli file, the .ml description is kept.
In either case, all the information given in the .mli file is kept.
The following rules must be respected in order to avoid name clashes
resulting in cross-reference errors:
15.2 |
Syntax of documentation comments |
|
Comments containing documentation material are called special
comments and are written between (** and *). Special comments
must start exactly with (**. Comments beginning with ( and more
than two * are ignored.
15.2.1 |
Placement of documentation comments |
|
OCamldoc can associate comments to some elements of the language
encountered in the source files. The association is made according to
the locations of comments with respect to the language elements. The
locations of comments in .mli and .ml files are different.
A special comment is associated to an element if it is placed before or
after the element.
A special comment before an element is associated to this element if :
-
There is no blank line or another special comment between the special
comment and the element. However, a regular comment can occur between
the special comment and the element.
- The special comment is not already associated to the previous element.
- The special comment is not the first one of a toplevel module.
A special comment after an element is associated to this element if
there is no blank line or comment between the special comment and the
element.
There are two exceptions: for type constructors and record fields in
type definitions, the associated comment can only be placed after the
constructor or field definition, without blank lines or other comments
between them.
The following sample interface file foo.mli illustrates the
placement rules for comments in .mli files.
(** The first special comment of the file is the comment associated
with the whole module.*)
(** Special comments can be placed between elements and are kept
by the OCamldoc tool, but are not associated to any element.
@-tags in these comments are ignored.*)
(*******************************************************************)
(** Comments like the one above, with more than two asterisks,
are ignored. *)
(** The comment for function f. *)
val f : int -> int -> int
(** The continuation of the comment for function f. *)
(** Comment for exception My_exception, even with a simple comment
between the special comment and the exception.*)
(* Hello, I'm a simple comment :-) *)
exception My_exception of (int -> int) * int
(** Comment for type weather *)
type weather =
| Rain of int (** The comment for construtor Rain *)
| Sun (** The comment for constructor Sun *)
(** Comment for type weather2 *)
type weather2 =
| Rain of int (** The comment for construtor Rain *)
| Sun (** The comment for constructor Sun *)
(** I can continue the comment for type weather2 here
because there is already a comment associated to the last constructor.*)
(** The comment for type my_record *)
type my_record = {
val foo : int ; (** Comment for field foo *)
val bar : string ; (** Comment for field bar *)
}
(** Continuation of comment for type my_record *)
(** Comment for foo *)
val foo : string
(** This comment is associated to foo and not to bar. *)
val bar : string
(** This comment is assciated to bar. *)
(** The comment for class my_class *)
class my_class :
object
(** A comment to describe inheritance from cl *)
inherit cl
(** The comment for attribute tutu *)
val mutable tutu : string
(** The comment for attribute toto. *)
val toto : int
(** This comment is not attached to titi since
there is a blank line before titi, but is kept
as a comment in the class. *)
val titi : string
(** Comment for method toto *)
method toto : string
(** Comment for method m *)
method m : float -> int
end
(** The comment for the class type my_class_type *)
class type my_class_type =
object
(** The comment for variable x. *)
val mutable x : int
(** The commend for method m. *)
method m : int -> int
end
(** The comment for module Foo *)
module Foo =
struct
(** The comment for x *)
val x : int
(** A special comment that is kept but not associated to any element *)
end
(** The comment for module type my_module_type. *)
module type my_module_type =
sig
(** The comment for value x. *)
val x : int
(** The comment for module M. *)
module M =
struct
(** The comment for value y. *)
val y : int
(* ... *)
end
end
A special comment is associated to an element if it is placed before
the element and there is no blank line between the comment and the
element. Meanwhile, there can be a simple comment between the special
comment and the element. There are two exceptions, for type
constructors and record fields in type definitions, whose associated
comment must be placed after the constructor or field definition,
without blank line between them.
The following example of file toto.ml shows where to place comments
in a .ml file.
(** The first special comment of the file is the comment associated
to the whole module.*)
(** The comment for function f *)
let f x y = x + y
(** This comment is not attached to any element since there is another
special comment just before the next element. *)
(** Comment for exception My_exception, even with a simple comment
between the special comment and the exception.*)
(* A simple comment. *)
exception My_exception of (int -> int) * int
(** Comment for type weather *)
type weather =
| Rain of int (** The comment for constructor Rain *)
| Sun (** The comment for constructor Sun *)
(** The comment for type my_record *)
type my_record = {
val foo : int ; (** Comment for field foo *)
val bar : string ; (** Comment for field bar *)
}
(** The comment for class my_class *)
class my_class =
object
(** A comment to describe inheritance from cl *)
inherit cl
(** The comment for the instance variable tutu *)
val mutable tutu = "tutu"
(** The comment for toto *)
val toto = 1
val titi = "titi"
(** Comment for method toto *)
method toto = tutu ^ "!"
(** Comment for method m *)
method m (f : float) = 1
end
(** The comment for class type my_class_type *)
class type my_class_type =
object
(** The comment for the instance variable x. *)
val mutable x : int
(** The commend for method m. *)
method m : int -> int
end
(** The comment for module Foo *)
module Foo =
struct
(** The comment for x *)
val x : int
(** A special comment in the class, but not associated to any element. *)
end
(** The comment for module type my_module_type. *)
module type my_module_type =
sig
(* Comment for value x. *)
val x : int
(* ... *)
end
15.2.2 |
The Stop special comment |
|
The special comment (**/**) tells OCamldoc to discard
elements placed after this comment, up to the end of the current
class, class type, module or module type. For instance:
class type foo =
object
(** comment for method m *)
method m : string
(**/**)
(** This method won't appear in the documentation *)
method bar : int
end
(** This value appears in the documentation, since the Stop special comment
in the class does not affect the parent module of the class.*)
val foo : string
(**/**)
(** The value bar does not appear in the documentation.*)
val bar : string
(** The type t does not appear either. *)
type t = string
The -no-stop option to ocamldoc causes the Stop special
comments to be ignored.
15.2.3 |
Syntax of documentation comments |
|
The inside of documentation comments (**...*) consists of
free-form text with optional formatting annotations, followed by
optional tags giving more specific information about parameters,
version, authors, ... The tags are distinguished by a leading @
character. Thus, a documentation comment has the following shape:
(** The comment begins with a description, which is text formatted
according to the rules described in the next section.
The description continues until the first non-escaped '@' character.
@author Mr Smith
@param x description for parameter x
*)
Some elements support only a subset of all @-tags. Tags that are not
relevant to the documented element are simply ignored. For instance,
all tags are ignored when documenting type constructors, record
fields, and class inheritance clauses. Similarly, a @param tag on a
class instance variable is ignored.
At last, (**) is the empty documentation comment.
Here is the BNF grammar for the simple markup language used to format
text descriptions.
text ::= (text_element)+
text_element ::=
| {[0-9]+ text} |
format text as a section header;
the integer following { indicates the sectioning level. |
| {[0-9]+:label text} |
same, but also associate the name label to the current point.
This point can be referenced by its fully-qualified label in a
{! command, just like any other element. |
| {b text} |
set text in bold. |
| {i text} |
set text in italic. |
| {e text} |
emphasize text. |
| {C text} |
center text. |
| {L text} |
left align text. |
| {R text} |
right align text. |
| {ul list} |
build a list. |
| {ol list} |
build an enumerated list. |
| {{:string}text} |
put a link to the given address
(given as a string) on the given text. |
| [string] |
set the given string in source code style. |
| {[string]} |
set the given string in preformatted
source code style. |
| {v string v} |
set the given string in verbatim style. |
| {% string %} |
take the given string
as raw LATEX code. |
| {!string} |
insert a reference to the element named
string. string must be a fully qualified element name,
for example Foo.Bar.t. |
| {^ text} |
set text in superscript. |
| {_ text} |
set text in subscript. |
| escaped_string |
typeset the given string as is;
special characters ('{', '}', '[', ']' and '@')
must be escaped by a '\' |
| blank_line |
force a new line. |
list ::=
| ({- text})+
| ({li text})+
A shortcut syntax exists for lists and enumerated lists:
(** Here is a {b list}
- item 1
- item 2
- item 3
The list is ended by the blank line.*)
is equivalent to:
(** Here is a {b list}
{ul {- item 1}
{- item 2}
{- item 3}}
The list is ended by the blank line.*)
The same shortcut is available for enumerated lists, using '+'
instead of '-'.
Note that only one list can be defined by this shortcut in nested lists.
In the description of a value, type, exception, module, module type, class
or class type, the first sentence is sometimes used in indexes, or
when just a part of the description is needed. The first sentence
is composed of the first characters of the description, until
-
the first dot followed by a blank, or
- the first blank line
outside of the following text formatting :
{ul list},
{ol list},
[string],
{[string]},
{v string v},
{% string%},
{!string},
{^ text},
{_ text}.
15.2.5 |
Documentation tags (@-tags) |
|
The folowing table gives the list of predefined @-tags, with their
syntax and meaning.
@author string |
The author of the element. One author by @author tag.
There may be several @author tags for the same element. |
@deprecated text |
The text should describe when the element was
deprecated, what to use as a replacement, and possibly the reason
for deprecation. |
@param id text |
Associate the given description (text) to the
given parameter name id. This tag is used for functions,
methods, classes and functors. |
@raise Exc text |
Explain that the element may raise
the exception Exc. |
@return text |
Describe the return value and
its possible values. This tag is used for functions
and methods. |
@see <url> text |
Add a reference to the URL between '<' and '>'
with the given text as comment. |
@see 'filename' text |
Add a reference to the given file name
(written between single quotes), with the given text as comment. |
@see "document name" text |
Add a reference to the given
document name (written between double quotes), with the given text
as comment. |
@since string |
Indicates when the element was introduced. |
@version string |
The version number for the element. |
You can use custom tags in the documentation comments, but they will
have no effect if the generator used does not handle them. To use a
custom tag, for example foo, just put @foo with some text in your
comment, as in:
(** My comment to show you a custom tag.
@foo this is the text argument to the [foo] custom tag.
*)
To handle custom tags, you need to define a custom generator,
as explained in section 15.3.2.
OCamldoc operates in two steps:
-
analysis of the source files;
- generation of documentation, through a documentation generator,
which is an object of class Odoc_args.class_generator.
Users can provide their own documentation generator to be used during
step 2 instead of the default generators.
All the information retrieved during the analysis step is available through
the Odoc_info module, which gives access to all the types and functions
representing the elements found in the given modules, with their associated
description.
The files you can used to define custom generators are installed in the
ocamldoc sub-directory of the OCaml standard library.
A generator class is a class of type Odoc_args.doc_generator.
It has only one method
generator : Odoc_info.Module.t_module list -> unit
This method will be called with the list of analysed and possibly
merged Odoc_info.t_module structures.
Of course the class can have other methods, but the object of this
class must be coerced to Odoc_args.doc_generator before being
passed to the function
Odoc_args.set_doc_generator : Odoc_args.doc_generator -> unit
which installs the new documentation generator.
The following example shows how to define and install a new documentation generator.
See the odoc_fhtml generator (in the Ocamldoc Hump) for a complete example.
class my_doc_gen =
object
(* ... *)
method generate module_list =
(* ... *)
()
(* ... *)
end
let my_generator = new my_doc_gen
let _ = Odoc_args.set_doc_generator (my_generator :> Odoc_args.doc_generator)
Note: The new class can inherit from Odoc_html.html, Odoc_latex.latex,
Odoc_man.man, Odoc_texi.texi or Odoc_dot.dot, and
redefine only some methods to benefit from the existing methods.
Making a custom generator handle custom tags (see
15.2.5) is very simple.
Here is how to develop a HTML generator handling your custom tags.
The class Odoc_html.html inherits
from the class Odoc_html.info, containing a field tag_functions which is a
list pairs composed of a custom tag (e.g. 'foo') and a function taking a text
and returning HTML code (of type string).
To handle a new tag bar, create a HTML generator class from the existing one
and complete the tag_functions field:
class my_gen =
object(self)
inherit Odoc_html.html
(** Return HTML code for the given text of a bar tag. *)
method html_of_bar t = (* your code here *)
initializer
tag_functions <- ("bar", self#html_of_bar) :: tag_functions
end
Another method of the class Odoc_html.info will look for the
function associated to a custom tag and apply it to the text given to
the tag. If no function is associated to a custom tag, then the method
prints a warning message on stderr.
As for the HTML custom generator, you can define a new LATEX(resp. man) generator by inheriting from the class
Odoc_latex.latex (resp. Odoc_man.man) and
adding your own tag handler to the field tag_functions.
15.4 |
Adding command line options |
|
The command line analysis is performed after loading the module containing the
documentation generator, thus allowing command line options to be added to the
list of existing ones. Adding an option can be done with the function
Odoc_args.add_option : string * Arg.spec * string -> unit
Note: Existing command line options can be redefined using this function.
Defining a custom generator class in one file |
|
Let custom.ml be the file defining a new generator class.
Compilation of custom.ml can be performed by the following command :
ocamlc -I +ocamldoc -c custom.ml
The file custom.cmo is created and can be used this way :
ocamldoc -g custom.cmo other_options source_files
It is important not to give the -html or any other option selecting a
built in generator to ocamldoc,
which would result in using this generator instead of the one you just loaded.
Defining a custom generator class in several files |
|
It is possible to define a generator class in several modules, which
are defined in several files file1.ml[i], file2.ml[i], ...,
fileN.ml[i]. A .cma library file must
be created, including all these files.
The following commands create the custom.cma file from files file1.ml[i], ...,
fileN.ml[i] :
ocamlc -I +ocamldoc -c file1.ml[i]
ocamlc -I +ocamldoc -c file2.ml[i]
...
ocamlc -I +ocamldoc -c fileN.ml[i]
ocamlc -o custom.cma -a file1.cmo file2.cmo ... fileN.cmo
Then, the following command uses custom.cma as custom generator:
ocamldoc -g custom.cma other_options source_files
Again, it is important not to give the -html or any other option selecting a
built in generator to ocamldoc,
which would result in using this generator instead of the one you just loaded.