I found that appeals to authority and popularity were common across many ads, especially in influencer-created content. Influencers often establish credibility within specific niches, making them attractive to brands seeking to reach a target audience. This influence lends a subtle power to authority, as followers perceive the influencer’s opinion as trustworthy even if they lack formal expertise (e.g., a skincare influencer promoting a cream based on personal experience). Similarly, brand ads often use celebrities or public figures to boost authority. Doctorow identifies four areas of persuasion, and I found that segmenting (targeting me based on my interests) and deception were the most common methods I observed from ad to ad (Doctorow). As an example of segmenting and at the risk of being a bit personal, both the dating app ads showed up on my page—they clearly know I am a college student who might be dating.
Red text box are ads from brands. Orange and blue text boxes are content/more discrete ads from influencers. Blue text boxes are clickable.
This girl is attractive because she uses our washcloth. You can be too… — faulty analogy. (Instagram)
If you do not leave the Apple ecosystem, you are not as smart — subtle ad hominem (leaving Apple, using Samsung = smart, false cause). (Instagram)
Everyone swears for (loves) Bud Light in the office, so you should too — appeal to popularity. (Instagram)
Stereotypes about GenZ refuted through emotional counter - examples to inspire watching NHL — straw man, appeal to emotion. (Instagram)
Suggests credibility through celebrity presence and trendiness, where even are the shoes? — appeal to authority/popularity. (Instagram)
Sold out every year, really? Popularity = quality? — appeal to popularity. (Instagran)
He won while wearing Nike gear. Our gear helped him win — post hoc ergo propter hoc. (Instagram)
Your friends are using it, everyone is using it! Why aren’t you? — appeal to popularity. (Instagram)
I’m so happy, because of my boyfriend (from Hinge). You can get a boyfriend (from Hinge), too ;) — faulty analogy. (Instagram)

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“Sins” has two meanings. Does our cream save you from popping pimples (‘sin’) or the aftereffects? — equivocation. (Reddit)
Everyone in this running club (app) is single. It’s a good place to find a relationship — composition fallacy. (Instagram, recorded because would not allow to view unless over 18/signed in)
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Big names are tricking you! This one doesn’t trick you because…there’s a leather handle? — ad hominem. (Instagram)
Girl is distressed over an unexpected pregnancy: this is why reproductive rights are important—appeal to emotion. (Instagram)
This ad is an influencer collaboration with Priorities USA, a Democratic political action committee (PAC), advocating for reproductive justice. In the Instagram video, the creator role-plays as an”ABG”(Asian Baby Girl), a term often used to describe a specific subculture among young Asian women, similar to "valley girl" or "sorority girl" stereotypes. The video is an argument by the creator for the importance of reproductive rights.
The storyline follows the creator in conversation with her ”little,” presumably a younger sorority member, whom we view from a first-person perspective as she navigates a crisis involving an unexpected pregnancy (what “we” say is shown as text on the screen). The creator, adopting an "older sister" role, finds her "little" who is scared and unsure after another community member discourages her from considering abortion. The narrative positions the creator as both empathetic and informed, creating a contrast with the younger character’s confusion. We see the creator guide her through all the available choices, clearing her confusion about the reproductive options accessible to her. Near the end of the video, she turns partially towards the camera and talks about how glad she is that they are in a state where reproductive options are accessible, and how it would be so much scarier in a state without access. She emphasizes this is why it is “important to stand up against anti-abortion lawmakers.”
Two primary persuasive tactics appear in this ad: appeal to emotion and slippery slope. The appeal to emotion is most evident as the viewer connects with the character’s distress and feels empathy toward her situation. This creates a visceral reaction, guiding the audience to view reproductive rights as necessary for those who might face similar hardships. Additionally, there is a slight implicit slippery slope suggesting that not standing up to anti-reproductive access lawmakers will leave everyone, maybe even you, without access to any reproductive rights, heightening the sense of urgency and advocacy for reproductive justice. The use of familiar “characters”/stereotypes and the popular POV video style, engage users who may be scrolling by to stay longer and to feel an affinity to these characters.
This ad feels highly personalized. I often see content aligned with Asian American subcultures, including videos about Asian American experiences. I am also more on the progressive side of the political spectrum, so the ad likely resonates with others in my demographic—I would not be surprised if this ad came to me as a result of segmentation and they have data on me that I am Asian and progressive (Doctorow).
Despite the use of fallacy of appeal to emotion, I find this ad genuinely compelling. Its ability to merge a popular POV video format with a sensitive social issue is really creative and makes the topic accessible, presenting a stance on reproductive justice in a way that’s relatable to a younger, socially conscious audience although it may not change or even reach the minds and phones of viewers who strongly oppose reproductive justice.
I got into Harvard, so I am qualified to get you into Harvard too — appeal to authority. (Instagram)
You don’t buy this safe. You get robbed. You lose all your money — slippery slope. (Instagram)
This skincare makes my skin nice — this is good for our skin. Was your skin already nice? — begging the question. (Instagram)
David Dobrik makes great videos! He must know the best gambling app — appeal to authority. (Youtube)
Funny! But even if everyone thinks you’re cute, that has nothing to do with the deals —irrelevant conclusion. (TikTok)
Look! I have one! You need one! We all need one! — appeal to popularity. (Instagram)
Is a tablet laptop, small, and has AI does not make it great for creatives — division fallacy. (Instagram)